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Nicholas II
     
Nicholas II
(1868-1918) the Tsar (=ruler) of Russia from 1894 to 1917. His opposition to change led to the Revolution of 1905 and eventually to the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which he was forced to abdicate (=give up his position). He and his family were shot in 1918.
Definition from the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
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